| 版本 | 内容 | 时间 | | ---- | ---- | ---------------------- | | V1 | 新增 | 2023年04月11日00:36:04 | ## Redis-cli 支持的所有选项 Redis-cli 支持很多选项，每个 Redis 版本支持的选项不一样。 ### Redis 4.0.6 支持的选项 ```shell [Calven.Liu@ALYBJ59-6 ~]$ redis-cli --help redis-cli 4.0.6 Usage: redis-cli [OPTIONS] [cmd [arg [arg ...]]] -h Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1). -p Server port (default: 6379). -s Server socket (overrides hostname and port). -a Password to use when connecting to the server. -u Server URI. -r Execute specified command N times. -i When -r is used, waits seconds per command. It is possible to specify sub-second times like -i 0.1. -n Database number. -x Read last argument from STDIN. -d Multi-bulk delimiter in for raw formatting (default: \n). -c Enable cluster mode (follow -ASK and -MOVED redirections). --raw Use raw formatting for replies (default when STDOUT is not a tty). --no-raw Force formatted output even when STDOUT is not a tty. --csv Output in CSV format. --stat Print rolling stats about server: mem, clients, ... --latency Enter a special mode continuously sampling latency. If you use this mode in an interactive session it runs forever displaying real-time stats. Otherwise if --raw or --csv is specified, or if you redirect the output to a non TTY, it samples the latency for 1 second (you can use -i to change the interval), then produces a single output and exits. --latency-history Like --latency but tracking latency changes over time. Default time interval is 15 sec. Change it using -i. --latency-dist Shows latency as a spectrum, requires xterm 256 colors. Default time interval is 1 sec. Change it using -i. --lru-test Simulate a cache workload with an 80-20 distribution. --slave Simulate a slave showing commands received from the master. --rdb Transfer an RDB dump from remote server to local file. --pipe Transfer raw Redis protocol from stdin to server. --pipe-timeout In --pipe mode, abort with error if after sending all data. no reply is received within seconds. Default timeout: 30. Use 0 to wait forever. --bigkeys Sample Redis keys looking for big keys. --hotkeys Sample Redis keys looking for hot keys. only works when maxmemory-policy is *lfu. --scan List all keys using the SCAN command. --pattern Useful with --scan to specify a SCAN pattern. --intrinsic-latency Run a test to measure intrinsic system latency. The test will run for the specified amount of seconds. --eval Send an EVAL command using the Lua script at . --ldb Used with --eval enable the Redis Lua debugger. --ldb-sync-mode Like --ldb but uses the synchronous Lua debugger, in this mode the server is blocked and script changes are are not rolled back from the server memory. --help Output this help and exit. --version Output version and exit. Examples: cat /etc/passwd | redis-cli -x set mypasswd redis-cli get mypasswd redis-cli -r 100 lpush mylist x redis-cli -r 100 -i 1 info | grep used_memory_human: redis-cli --eval myscript.lua key1 key2 , arg1 arg2 arg3 redis-cli --scan --pattern '*:12345*' (Note: when using --eval the comma separates KEYS[] from ARGV[] items) When no command is given, redis-cli starts in interactive mode. Type "help" in interactive mode for information on available commands and settings. ``` ### Redis 4.0.6 支持的选项介绍 | 选项 | 含义 | | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | `-h ` | 服务器 IP 地址，默认 127.0.0.1 | | `-p ` | 服务器端口，默认 6379 | | `-s ` | Unix socket 文件连接到服务器 | | `-a ` | 密码 | | ` -u ` | 连接服务器，`redis://password@host:port/dbnum` | | `-r ` | 重复执行命令 N 次，-1 表示无限次 | | `-i ` | 每个命令执行的间隔时间，单位秒，可以指定小数 | | `-n ` | 选择对应编号的数据库 | | `-x` | Read last argument from STDIN | | ` -d ` | Multi-bulk delimiter in for raw formatting (default: \n). | | `-c` | -c （cluster）是连接 Redis Cluster 节点时需要使用的，-c 选项可以防止 moved 和 ask 异常 | | `--raw` | 命令返回的是格式化后的结果 | | `--no-raw` | 命令返回的结果是原始的格式 | | `--csv` | 命令以 CSV 格式返回结果，CSV（逗号分隔值） | | `--stat` | 实时获取服务器的统计信息，如内存...... | | `--latency` | 测试客户端到目标 Redis 的网络延迟，原理是客户端每秒发送 100 个 PING 命令到服务端并计算收到回复的时间（单位毫秒），支持和 `--raw` 和 `--csv`一起使用，和这两个一起使用时，可以 `-i` 指定采样时间 | | `--latency-history` | 测试客户端到目标 Redis 服务端的一段时间内的最大延迟和平均延迟，默认情况每 15 秒打印一次，可以使用 `-i `选项修改时间间隔 | | `--latency-dist` | 使用统计图表的形式从控制台输出延迟统计信息，可以使用 `-i `选项修改时间间隔； | | `--lru-test ` | 模拟 80% 的请求命中 20% 的缓存的命中率 | | `--slave` | 把当前客户端模拟成当前 Redis 的从节点，可以用来获取当前 Redis 节点的更新操作。 | | `--rdb ` | 请求 Redis 实例生成并发送 RDB 持久化文件，保存在客户端所在的机器。可以用它做持久化文件的定期备份 | | `--pipe` | 将命令封装成 Redis 通信协议定义的数据格式，批量发送给 Redis 执行（单独写一篇文章） | | `--pipe-timeout ` | `--pipe`配合使用，表示与Redis服务器之间的超时时间，单位为毫秒。该参数的默认值为 30 秒。设置 0 表示一直等待导入数据完成。 | | `--bigkeys` | 使用 SCAN 命令对 Redis 进行采样，从中找到内存占用比较大的键值对 | | `--hotkeys` | 找出服务器中的热 key。当服务器的淘汰策略（maxmemory-policy）是 *lfu 类型才可以 | | `--scan` | 通过 SCAN 命令获取当前服务器的所有键名 | | `--pattern ` | 和`--scan` 选项配合使用，指定匹配规则 | | `--intrinsic-latency ` | 测试服务器硬件本身存在的固有延迟 | | `--eval ` | Send an EVAL command using the Lua script at ``. | | `--ldb` | Used with --eval enable the Redis Lua debugger. | | `--ldb-sync-mode` | Like --ldb but uses the synchronous Lua debugger, in this mode the server is blocked and script changes are are not rolled back from the server memory. | | `--help` | 打印帮助 | | `--version` | 打印当前服务器的版本号 | ### Redis 6.2.11 支持的选项 ```shell $ ./redis-cli --help redis-cli 6.2.11 (git:720ea82e) Usage: redis-cli [OPTIONS] [cmd [arg [arg ...]]] -h Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1). -p Server port (default: 6379). -s Server socket (overrides hostname and port). -a Password to use when connecting to the server. You can also use the REDISCLI_AUTH environment variable to pass this password more safely (if both are used, this argument takes precedence). --user Used to send ACL style 'AUTH username pass'. Needs -a. --pass Alias of -a for consistency with the new --user option. --askpass Force user to input password with mask from STDIN. If this argument is used, '-a' and REDISCLI_AUTH environment variable will be ignored. -u Server URI. -r Execute specified command N times. -i When -r is used, waits seconds per command. It is possible to specify sub-second times like -i 0.1. -n Database number. -3 Start session in RESP3 protocol mode. -x Read last argument from STDIN. -d Delimiter between response bulks for raw formatting (default: \n). -D Delimiter between responses for raw formatting (default: \n). -c Enable cluster mode (follow -ASK and -MOVED redirections). -e Return exit error code when command execution fails. --tls Establish a secure TLS connection. --sni Server name indication for TLS. --cacert CA Certificate file to verify with. --cacertdir Directory where trusted CA certificates are stored. If neither cacert nor cacertdir are specified, the default system-wide trusted root certs configuration will apply. --insecure Allow insecure TLS connection by skipping cert validation. --cert Client certificate to authenticate with. --key Private key file to authenticate with. --tls-ciphers Sets the list of prefered ciphers (TLSv1.2 and below) in order of preference from highest to lowest separated by colon (":"). See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information about the syntax of this string. --tls-ciphersuites Sets the list of prefered ciphersuites (TLSv1.3) in order of preference from highest to lowest separated by colon (":"). See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. --raw Use raw formatting for replies (default when STDOUT is not a tty). --no-raw Force formatted output even when STDOUT is not a tty. --quoted-input Force input to be handled as quoted strings. --csv Output in CSV format. --show-pushes Whether to print RESP3 PUSH messages. Enabled by default when STDOUT is a tty but can be overriden with --show-pushes no. --stat Print rolling stats about server: mem, clients, ... --latency Enter a special mode continuously sampling latency. If you use this mode in an interactive session it runs forever displaying real-time stats. Otherwise if --raw or --csv is specified, or if you redirect the output to a non TTY, it samples the latency for 1 second (you can use -i to change the interval), then produces a single output and exits. --latency-history Like --latency but tracking latency changes over time. Default time interval is 15 sec. Change it using -i. --latency-dist Shows latency as a spectrum, requires xterm 256 colors. Default time interval is 1 sec. Change it using -i. --lru-test Simulate a cache workload with an 80-20 distribution. --replica Simulate a replica showing commands received from the master. --rdb Transfer an RDB dump from remote server to local file. Use filename of "-" to write to stdout. --pipe Transfer raw Redis protocol from stdin to server. --pipe-timeout In --pipe mode, abort with error if after sending all data. no reply is received within seconds. Default timeout: 30. Use 0 to wait forever. --bigkeys Sample Redis keys looking for keys with many elements (complexity). --memkeys Sample Redis keys looking for keys consuming a lot of memory. --memkeys-samples Sample Redis keys looking for keys consuming a lot of memory. And define number of key elements to sample --hotkeys Sample Redis keys looking for hot keys. only works when maxmemory-policy is *lfu. --scan List all keys using the SCAN command. --pattern Keys pattern when using the --scan, --bigkeys or --hotkeys options (default: *). --quoted-pattern Same as --pattern, but the specified string can be quoted, in order to pass an otherwise non binary-safe string. --intrinsic-latency Run a test to measure intrinsic system latency. The test will run for the specified amount of seconds. --eval Send an EVAL command using the Lua script at . --ldb Used with --eval enable the Redis Lua debugger. --ldb-sync-mode Like --ldb but uses the synchronous Lua debugger, in this mode the server is blocked and script changes are not rolled back from the server memory. --cluster [args...] [opts...] Cluster Manager command and arguments (see below). --verbose Verbose mode. --no-auth-warning Don't show warning message when using password on command line interface. --help Output this help and exit. --version Output version and exit. Cluster Manager Commands: Use --cluster help to list all available cluster manager commands. Examples: cat /etc/passwd | redis-cli -x set mypasswd redis-cli get mypasswd redis-cli -r 100 lpush mylist x redis-cli -r 100 -i 1 info | grep used_memory_human: redis-cli --quoted-input set '"null-\x00-separated"' value redis-cli --eval myscript.lua key1 key2 , arg1 arg2 arg3 redis-cli --scan --pattern '*:12345*' (Note: when using --eval the comma separates KEYS[] from ARGV[] items) When no command is given, redis-cli starts in interactive mode. Type "help" in interactive mode for information on available commands and settings. ``` ### Redis 6.2.11 支持的选项介绍大部分选项在上面的 1.2 节的表格里列出了，这个表格列出上面表格不存在的选项 | 选项 | 含义 | | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | `-h ` | 服务器 IP 地址，默认 127.0.0.1 | | `-p ` | 服务器端口，默认 6379 | | `-s ` | Unix socket 文件连接到服务器 | | `-a ` | 密码
可以使用 REDISCLI_AUTH 环境变量配置密码，比较安全 | | `--user ` | Used to send ACL style 'AUTH username pass'. Needs -a. | | ` --pass ` | Alias of -a for consistency with the new --user option. | | ` --askpass` | 就是另起一行输入密码，密码是星号展示 | | ` -u ` | 连接服务器，`redis://password@host:port/dbnum` | | `-r ` | 重复执行命令 N 次，-1 表示无限次 | | `-i ` | 每个命令执行的间隔时间，单位秒，可以指定小数 | | `-n ` | 选择对应编号的数据库 | | `-3` | 使用 RESP3 协议开启会话 | | `-x` | Read last argument from STDIN | | ` -d ` | Delimiter between response bulks for raw formatting (default: \n). | | `-D ` | Delimiter between responses for raw formatting (default: \n). | | `-c` | -c （cluster）是连接 Redis Cluster 节点时需要使用的，-c 选项可以防止 moved 和 ask 异常 | | `-e` | Return exit error code when command execution fails. | | `--tls` | Establish a secure TLS connection. | | `--sni ` | Server name indication for TLS. | | `--cacert ` | CA Certificate file to verify with | | `--cacertdir ` | Directory where trusted CA certificates are stored.If neither cacert nor cacertdir are specified, the default system-wide trusted root certs configuration will apply. | | `--insecure` | Allow insecure TLS connection by skipping cert validation. | | `--cert ` | Client certificate to authenticate with. | | `--key ` | Private key file to authenticate with. | | `--tls-ciphers ` | Sets the list of prefered ciphers (TLSv1.2 and below).in order of preference from highest to lowest separated by colon (":").See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information about the syntax of this string. | | `--tls-ciphersuitess ` | Sets the list of prefered ciphersuites (TLSv1.3).in order of preference from highest to lowest separated by colon (":").See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information about the syntax of this string,and specifically for TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. | | `--raw` | 命令返回的是格式化后的结果 | | `--no-raw` | 命令返回的结果是原始的格式 | | `--quoted-input` | Force input to be handled as quoted strings. | | `--csv` | 命令以 CSV 格式返回结果，CSV（逗号分隔值） | | `--show-pushes ` | Whether to print RESP3 PUSH messages. Enabled by default when STDOUT is a tty but can be overriden with --show-pushes no. | | `--stat` | 实时获取服务器的统计信息，如内存...... | | `--latency` | 测试客户端到目标 Redis 的网络延迟，原理是客户端每秒发送 100 个 PING 命令到服务端并计算收到回复的时间（单位毫秒），支持和 `--raw` 和 `--csv`一起使用，和这两个一起使用时，可以 `-i` 指定采样时间 | | `--latency-history` | 测试客户端到目标 Redis 服务端的一段时间内的最大延迟和平均延迟，默认情况每 15 秒打印一次，可以使用 `-i `选项修改时间间隔 | | `--latency-dist` | 使用统计图表的形式从控制台输出延迟统计信息，可以使用 `-i `选项修改时间间隔； | | `--lru-test ` | 模拟 80% 的请求命中 20% 的缓存的命中率 | | `--replica` | 把当前客户端模拟成当前 Redis 的从节点，可以用来获取当前 Redis 节点的更新操作。 | | `--rdb ` | 请求 Redis 实例生成并发送 RDB 持久化文件，保存在客户端所在的机器。可以用它做持久化文件的定期备份 | | `--pipe` | 将命令封装成 Redis 通信协议定义的数据格式，批量发送给 Redis 执行（单独写一篇文章） | | `--pipe-timeout ` | `--pipe`配合使用，表示与Redis服务器之间的超时时间，单位为毫秒。该参数的默认值为 30 秒。设置 0 表示一直等待导入数据完成。 | | `--bigkeys` | 使用 SCAN 命令对 Redis 进行采样，从中找到内存占用比较大的键值对 | | `--memkeys` | Sample Redis keys looking for keys consuming a lot of memory. | | `--memkeys-samples ` | Sample Redis keys looking for keys consuming a lot of memory.And define number of key elements to sample | | `--hotkeys` | 找出服务器中的热 key。当服务器的淘汰策略（maxmemory-policy）是 *lfu 类型才可以 | | `--scan` | 通过 SCAN 命令获取当前服务器的所有键名 | | `--pattern ` | 和`--scan` 选项配合使用，指定匹配规则 | | `--quoted-pattern ` | Same as --pattern, but the specified string can be quoted, in order to pass an otherwise non binary-safe string. | | `--intrinsic-latency ` | 测试服务器硬件本身存在的固有延迟 | | `--eval ` | Send an EVAL command using the Lua script at ``. | | `--ldb` | Used with --eval enable the Redis Lua debugger. | | `--ldb-sync-mode` | Like --ldb but uses the synchronous Lua debugger, in this mode the server is blocked and script changes are are not rolled back from the server memory. | | `--cluster [args...] [opts...]` | Cluster Manager command and arguments (see below). | | `--verbose` | Verbose mode. | | `--no-auth-warning` | Don't show warning message when using password on command line interface. | | `--help` | 打印帮助 | | `--version` | 打印当前服务器的版本号 | ## 连接 Redis 默认情况下 redis-cli 连接的服务器是 127.0.0.1 的 6379 端口。 - `-h`：指定 IP；（h，host） - `-p`：指定端口；（p，port） ``` $ redis-cli -h redis15.localnet.org -p 6390 PING PONG ``` - `-a`：如果有密码，`-a ` 指定密码；（a，auth） ``` $ redis-cli -a myUnguessablePazzzzzword123 PING PONG ``` > 为了安全，可以使用 `export REDISCLI_AUTH=你的密码`，通过环境变量的方式指定密码。 - 最后，可以使用` -n ` 选项，指定操作的数据库编号（默认操作编号 0 的数据库）； ``` $ redis-cli FLUSHALL OK $ redis-cli -n 1 INCR a (integer) 1 $ redis-cli -n 1 INCR a (integer) 2 $ redis-cli -n 2 INCR a (integer) 1 ``` ## 获取其它程序的内容作为输入 ### -x 选项现在有一个 test.txt 文件，要把这个文件的内容作为某个 key 的值 test.txt 文件内容如下面的 cat 命令所示 ``` $ cat test.txt Hello World $ ./redis-cli -x set test:key < test.txt OK $ ./redis-cli --raw get test:key Hello World ``` ### 执行文件存储的命令有一个文件 command.txt，存的数据如下 cat 命令所示，command.txt 中的所有命令都由 redis-cli 连续执行，就好像它们是用户在交互模式下输入的一样。 ``` $ cat command.txt SET counter 128 INCR counter GET counter $ cat command.txt | ./redis-cli -a master123 (integer) 129 "129" ``` 如果需要，可以在文件中引用字符串，因此可以使用带有空格、换行符或其他特殊字符的单个参数： ``` $ cat command.txt SET arg_example "This is a single argument" STRLEN arg_example $ cat command.txt | redis-cli OK (integer) 25 ``` ## 连续执行相同的命令 - `-r ` ：指定重复执行命令的次数，假如要无限执行命令，可以使用 -1 作为值；（r，repeat） - `-i `：每次执行命令的间隔（单位秒，可以使用小数）。不指定这个选项，默认间隔时间是 0；（i，interval） ``` $ ./redis-cli -r 10 INCR counter_value (integer) 1 (integer) 2 (integer) 3 (integer) 4 (integer) 5 (integer) 6 (integer) 7 (integer) 8 (integer) 9 (integer) 10 $ ./redis-cli -r 10 -i 0.1 INCR counter_value (integer) 11 (integer) 12 (integer) 13 (integer) 14 (integer) 15 (integer) 16 (integer) 17 (integer) 18 (integer) 19 (integer) 20 ``` 无限期执行命令，比如 INFO replication 命令 ``` $ ./redis-cli -r 10 -i 1 INFO replication # Replication role:master connected_slaves:0 master_failover_state:no-failover master_replid:1bf13e0771fcafcdc0aa2f7ca1c300369543a925 master_replid2:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 master_repl_offset:0 second_repl_offset:-1 repl_backlog_active:0 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0 repl_backlog_histlen:0 ...... 无限打印 ...... ``` ## --raw 和 --no-raw - `--no-raw`：要求命令返回的结果必须是原始的格式； - `--raw`：要求命令返回的是格式化后的结果； ``` $ ./redis-cli set test 你好哇 OK $ ./redis-cli --no-raw get test "\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd\xe5\x93\x87" $ ./redis-cli get test "\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd\xe5\x93\x87" $ ./redis-cli --raw get test 你好哇 ``` ## CSV 输出（逗号分隔值） redis-cli 中存在 CSV（逗号分隔值）输出功能，用于将数据从 Redis 导出到外部程序。 ``` $ ./redis-cli LPUSH mylist a b c d (integer) 4 $ ./redis-cli --csv LRANGE mylist 0 -1 "d","c","b","a" $ ./redis-cli LRANGE mylist 0 -1 1) "d" 2) "c" 3) "b" 4) "a" ``` 注意，使用 `--csv` 选项只能将单个命令导出为 CSV 格式，而不能将整个数据库作为 CSV 文件进行导出。 ## 实时获取统计信息 `redis-cli --stat`，可以使用 `-i `选项修改每次打印的间隔时间。 ``` $ redis-cli --stat ------- data ------ --------------------- load -------------------- - child - keys mem clients blocked requests connections 224616 58.16M 1316 0 292596804 (+0) 248791 224616 58.50M 1316 0 292596834 (+30) 248791 224616 58.38M 1316 0 292596856 (+22) 248791 224616 58.54M 1316 0 292596902 (+46) 248791 224617 58.75M 1316 0 292596936 (+34) 248791 224617 58.50M 1316 0 292596975 (+39) 248791 224617 58.60M 1316 0 292596999 (+24) 248791 224617 58.22M 1316 0 292597007 (+8) 248791 224616 58.41M 1316 0 292597043 (+36) 248791 224616 58.47M 1316 0 292597059 (+16) 248791 224615 58.16M 1316 0 292597073 (+14) 248791 224615 58.28M 1316 0 292597089 (+16) 248791 ``` ## --replica 或 --slave `--replica` 是新版本的 Redis 的选项，`--slave` 是旧版本的选项。这个选项是把当前客户端模拟成当前 Redis 的从节点，可以用来获取当前 Redis 节点的更新操作。合理的利用这个选项可以记录当前连接 Redis 节点的一些更新操作，这些更新操作很可能是实际开发业务时需要的数据。先开一个客户端： ``` $ ./redis-cli -a master123 --replica Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. sending REPLCONF capa eof SYNC with master, discarding 101043241 bytes of bulk transfer... SYNC done. Logging commands from master. ``` 可以看到已经同步完成了，开始记录 master 的写命令了。这时再开另外一个客户端，执行几个命令 ``` 127.0.0.1:6379> set name name OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get name "name" 127.0.0.1:6379> set name 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> del name (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> set name hello OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set name 2 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get name "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> del name (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ``` 可以看到第一个客户端记录的信息 ``` sending REPLCONF capa eof SYNC with master, discarding 101043241 bytes of bulk transfer... SYNC done. Logging commands from master. "ping" "SELECT","0" "set","name","hello" "set","name","2" "ping" "del","name" "ping" "ping" . . . ``` > PING 是主从复制使用到的命令。 ## 扫描大键 `--bigkeys` 选项使用 SCAN 命令对 Redis 进行采样，从中找到内存占用比较大的键值对，这些键值对可能就是系统的瓶颈。可以使用 `-i `选项修改内部每次调用 SCAN 的时间间隔。 ``` [Calven.Liu@ALYBJ59-6 ~]$ redis-cli -p 6321 -a uxin001 --bigkeys # Scanning the entire keyspace to find biggest keys as well as # average sizes per key type. You can use -i 0.1 to sleep 0.1 sec # per 100 SCAN commands (not usually needed). [00.00%] Biggest hash found so far 'user_item_push_identifier_3303575322628' with 1 fields . . . . [49.02%] Biggest string found so far 'talker_default_kneadface_8' with 7971 bytes [86.95%] Biggest list found so far 'cv_actor_perform_radio_drama_list_108_1480950194479562754' with 142 items [89.94%] Biggest string found so far '1511661600000' with 2829894 bytes -------- summary ------- Sampled 224618 keys in the keyspace! Total key length in bytes is 7895074 (avg len 35.15) Biggest string found '1511661600000' has 2829894 bytes Biggest list found 'cv_actor_perform_radio_drama_list_108_1480950194479562754' has 142 items Biggest set found 'talker_id_pool_set' has 9759 members Biggest hash found 'cache_score_hot_room_list_0' has 33 fields Biggest zset found 'user_noble_days' has 812 members 88415 strings with 3998010 bytes (39.36% of keys, avg size 45.22) 2675 lists with 6017 items (01.19% of keys, avg size 2.25) 50332 sets with 70812 members (22.41% of keys, avg size 1.41) 74141 hashs with 110112 fields (33.01% of keys, avg size 1.49) 9055 zsets with 43551 members (04.03% of keys, avg size 4.81) ``` 这个命令的缺点是，虽然 `--bigkeys` 选项会扫描整个 Redis，但是只输出每种数据类型 TOP1 的那个 key。但是，实际我们可能需要前 N 个 bigkey。 ## 获取键列表 - `--scan`：扫描键； - `--pattern`：匹配模式；相当于 SCAN 命令，可以使用 `-i `选项修改内部每次调用 SCAN 的时间间隔。下面的 head 表示展示前面 10 个键 ``` $ redis-cli --scan --pattern key* | head -10 key_3303575322628 key_3303602741252 key_3303595335682 key_3300808482818 key_3303586463748 key_3303621804036 key_3175456120834 key_3303585234946 key_3300767391746 key_3303122927636 ``` ## 监控 Redis 实例的延迟 - `--latency`：测试客户端到目标 Redis 的网络延迟，原理是客户端每秒发送 100 个 PING 命令到服务端并计算收到回复的时间（单位毫秒）； ``` $ redis-cli --latency min: 0, max: 5, avg: 0.07 (1265 samples) ``` - `--latency-history`：测试客户端到目标 Redis 服务端的一段时间内的最大延迟和平均延迟，默认情况每 15 秒打印一次，可以使用 `-i `选项修改时间间隔； ``` $ redis-cli --latency-history min: 0, max: 1, avg: 0.07 (1478 samples) -- 15.01 seconds range min: 0, max: 21, avg: 0.09 (1474 samples) -- 15.01 seconds range min: 0, max: 3, avg: 0.08 (1476 samples) -- 15.01 seconds range min: 0, max: 1, avg: 0.07 (1476 samples) -- 15.01 seconds range $ redis-cli --latency-history -i 5 min: 0, max: 1, avg: 0.06 (493 samples) -- 5.01 seconds range min: 0, max: 1, avg: 0.07 (493 samples) -- 5.01 seconds range ``` 看一下客户端和服务端不在一个机器的延迟情况 ``` $ ./redis-cli -h xx.xxx.xx.x -p 6326 --latency-history -i 1 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. min: 61, max: 64, avg: 61.79 (14 samples) -- 1.02 seconds range min: 60, max: 76, avg: 62.64 (14 samples) -- 1.04 seconds range min: 61, max: 64, avg: 61.71 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range min: 60, max: 64, avg: 61.36 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range min: 60, max: 70, avg: 62.29 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range min: 60, max: 64, avg: 61.93 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range min: 61, max: 64, avg: 61.57 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range min: 60, max: 69, avg: 62.14 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range min: 60, max: 64, avg: 61.36 (14 samples) -- 1.03 seconds range ``` - `--latency-dist`：使用统计图表的形式从控制台输出延迟统计信息，可以使用 `-i `选项修改时间间隔； ``` $ redis-cli -a uxin001 --latency-dist --------------------------------------------- . - * # .01 .125 .25 .5 milliseconds 1,2,3,...,9 from 1 to 9 milliseconds A,B,C,D,E 10,20,30,40,50 milliseconds F,G,H,I,J .1,.2,.3,.4,.5 seconds K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,? 1,2,4,8,16,30,60,>60 seconds From 0 to 100%: --------------------------------------------- 图表 ``` - `--intrinsic-latency `：用于测量 Redis 实例的固有延迟。固有延迟是指在执行一项特定操作时，硬件本身存在的固有延迟。与之相对的是外部延迟，即由于数据传输、处理等原因而引起的额外延迟。举例来说，CPU 从内存中读取数据的延迟包括内存的访问延迟和 CPU 处理数据所需的时间，其中内存的访问延迟就属于 `intrinsic latency`。当使用 `redis-cli --intrinsic-latency` 命令时，Redis 会在不进行任何实际操作的情况下，周期性地发送一个特殊的命令并测量响应时间，从而得出 Redis 实例的固有延迟。这个选项通常用于评估 Redis 实例的性能，并帮助用户更好地优化 Redis 配置和运行环境。需要注意的是，由于 `--intrinsic-latency` 选项会使 Redis 实例不断地发送命令，因此可能会对实例的性能造成一定的影响，在生产环境中需要慎重使用。 ``` $ ./redis-cli -a master123 --intrinsic-latency 5 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. Max latency so far: 2 microseconds. Max latency so far: 3 microseconds. Max latency so far: 17 microseconds. Max latency so far: 18 microseconds. Max latency so far: 47 microseconds. Max latency so far: 63 microseconds. Max latency so far: 102 microseconds. Max latency so far: 902 microseconds. 4998465 total runs (avg latency: 1.0003 microseconds / 1000.31 nanoseconds per run). Worst run took 902x longer than the average latency. ``` 上述命令需要在运行 Redis 服务器实例的计算机上执行，不能在其他主机上执行。命令不会连接到 Redis 实例并在本地执行测试。在此情况下，系统最差情况下的延迟为 902 微秒，因此可以预期某些查询偶尔会在 1 毫秒以下时间内完成。 ## 远程 RDB 备份 `--rdb` 选项会请求 Redis 实例生成并发送 RDB 持久化文件，保存在客户端所在的机器。可以用它做持久化文件的定期备份 ``` $ ./redis-cli --rdb ./596dump.rdb Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. sending REPLCONF capa eof sending REPLCONF rdb-only 1 SYNC sent to master, writing 4094994 bytes to './596dump.rdb' Transfer finished with success. ``` ## LRU 模拟测试 Redis 是一种常用的缓存工具，可以在其中设置一个 LRU 算法以进行对象的驱逐。根据存储的键值对数量以及分配给缓存的内存大小，缓存命中和未命中的次数也会相应地改变。为了能够正确配置缓存，模拟缓存命中率非常有帮助。 Redis-cli 有一种专门的模式，可以模拟 GET 和 SET 操作的行为。在这个模式下，它会使用一种 80-20% 的幂律分布，表示只有 20% 的对象会被 80% 的请求访问到，这在缓存场景中是比较常见的分布情况。理论上，根据请求分布和 Redis 内存开销的情况，应该可以通过数学公式来计算缓存命中率。但是，Redis 可以配置不同的 LRU 设置（样本数），并且在不同版本之间 Redis 的 LRU 实现也会有很大的改变。同样，每个键所需的内存量也可能在不同版本中发生变化。这就是为什么开发出这个工具的原因：它的主要动机是测试 Redis 的 LRU 实现质量，但现在也可以用来测试特定版本如何以最初预期的配置行为。要使用此模式，请指定测试中的键数量并将一个合理的 maxmemory 设置为第一次尝试。重要提示：在 Redis 配置中设置 maxmemory 参数是至关重要的，因为如果没有限制最大内存使用量，缓存命中率最终将达到 100%，因为所有键都可以存储在内存中。如果指定了太多的键并且与最大内存一起使用，最终会使用计算机 RAM 的所有空间。 > 警告：此测试使用 Pipeline 技术，会对服务器造成压力，请勿在生产环境中使用。测试 1：配置了 100MB 的内存限制（maxmemory 104857600），并使用 1000 万个键进行 LRU 模拟测试，内存淘汰策略用的是 allkeys-lru。 ``` $ ./redis-cli --lru-test 10000000 Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe. 192250 Gets/sec | Hits: 6741 (3.51%) | Misses: 185509 (96.49%) 185500 Gets/sec | Hits: 18794 (10.13%) | Misses: 166706 (89.87%) 187750 Gets/sec | Hits: 30871 (16.44%) | Misses: 156879 (83.56%) 171000 Gets/sec | Hits: 36806 (21.52%) | Misses: 134194 (78.48%) 184000 Gets/sec | Hits: 48342 (26.27%) | Misses: 135658 (73.73%) 183750 Gets/sec | Hits: 56834 (30.93%) | Misses: 126916 (69.07%) 184250 Gets/sec | Hits: 64535 (35.03%) | Misses: 119715 (64.97%) 181500 Gets/sec | Hits: 70484 (38.83%) | Misses: 111016 (61.17%) 172500 Gets/sec | Hits: 72462 (42.01%) | Misses: 100038 (57.99%) 160500 Gets/sec | Hits: 68569 (42.72%) | Misses: 91931 (57.28%) 164500 Gets/sec | Hits: 71001 (43.16%) | Misses: 93499 (56.84%) 159750 Gets/sec | Hits: 69116 (43.27%) | Misses: 90634 (56.73%) 162250 Gets/sec | Hits: 70300 (43.33%) | Misses: 91950 (56.67%) 154500 Gets/sec | Hits: 66959 (43.34%) | Misses: 87541 (56.66%) 153000 Gets/sec | Hits: 66574 (43.51%) | Misses: 86426 (56.49%) 159250 Gets/sec | Hits: 69483 (43.63%) | Misses: 89767 (56.37%) 161750 Gets/sec | Hits: 70525 (43.60%) | Misses: 91225 (56.40%) 161500 Gets/sec | Hits: 70513 (43.66%) | Misses: 90987 (56.34%) 157250 Gets/sec | Hits: 68404 (43.50%) | Misses: 88846 (56.50%) 161750 Gets/sec | Hits: 70613 (43.66%) | Misses: 91137 (56.34%) 161000 Gets/sec | Hits: 69970 (43.46%) | Misses: 91030 (56.54%) 161750 Gets/sec | Hits: 70405 (43.53%) | Misses: 91345 (56.47%) 161750 Gets/sec | Hits: 70700 (43.71%) | Misses: 91050 (56.29%) 160750 Gets/sec | Hits: 70437 (43.82%) | Misses: 90313 (56.18%) 161000 Gets/sec | Hits: 69885 (43.41%) | Misses: 91115 (56.59%) 155000 Gets/sec | Hits: 67698 (43.68%) | Misses: 87302 (56.32%) 159500 Gets/sec | Hits: 69818 (43.77%) | Misses: 89682 (56.23%) 161000 Gets/sec | Hits: 70211 (43.61%) | Misses: 90789 (56.39%) 160750 Gets/sec | Hits: 70448 (43.82%) | Misses: 90302 (56.18%) 160250 Gets/sec | Hits: 70235 (43.83%) | Misses: 90015 (56.17%) 161250 Gets/sec | Hits: 70241 (43.56%) | Misses: 91009 (56.44%) 161250 Gets/sec | Hits: 70456 (43.69%) | Misses: 90794 (56.31%) 158000 Gets/sec | Hits: 69050 (43.70%) | Misses: 88950 (56.30%) 162250 Gets/sec | Hits: 70933 (43.72%) | Misses: 91317 (56.28%) 162750 Gets/sec | Hits: 71523 (43.95%) | Misses: 91227 (56.05%) 162000 Gets/sec | Hits: 70773 (43.69%) | Misses: 91227 (56.31%) 161750 Gets/sec | Hits: 71039 (43.92%) | Misses: 90711 (56.08%) 161250 Gets/sec | Hits: 70740 (43.87%) | Misses: 90510 (56.13%) ``` 该程序每秒显示一次统计数据。在最初的几秒钟内，开始向缓存填充数据。未命中率随后稳定为可以预期的实际数字：56% 左右。对于某些用例，59% 的未命中率可能是不可接受的，因此 100MB 的内存是不够的。观察一个使用 0.5 GB 内存的示例。几分钟后，输出稳定为以下数字： ``` $ ./redis-cli -a master123 --lru-test 10000000 175500 Gets/sec | Hits: 172606 (98.35%) | Misses: 2894 (1.65%) 175250 Gets/sec | Hits: 172435 (98.39%) | Misses: 2815 (1.61%) 173750 Gets/sec | Hits: 170917 (98.37%) | Misses: 2833 (1.63%) 165750 Gets/sec | Hits: 163111 (98.41%) | Misses: 2639 (1.59%) ``` 官方文档还有下面几个没有在本文档提现 > https://redis.io/docs/ui/cli - Command line usage - String quoting and escaping - SSL/TLS - Mass insertion of data using `redis-cli` - Running Lua scripts - Pub/sub mode - Monitoring commands executed in Redis

redis-cli使用.

Dylan Kwok

redis-cli使用